Manuka Honey: MGO vs UMF — What It Really Means

Manuka honey has become one of the most researched and sought-after natural honeys in the world. Yet for many people, understanding the labels on a jar of Manuka honey can be confusing. Two terms appear most often: MGO and UMF.

This article explains what MGO and UMF actually measure, how they relate to one another, and why they matter — without marketing hype or unnecessary complexity.

What makes Manuka honey different?

Unlike most honeys, genuine New Zealand Manuka honey contains a naturally occurring antibacterial compound called methylglyoxal (MGO). This compound forms in the honey from dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which is present in the nectar of the Manuka flower (Leptospermum scoparium).

MGO is largely responsible for Manuka honey’s distinctive antimicrobial activity, which has been studied extensively in laboratory (in-vitro) and clinical research.

What is MGO?

MGO refers specifically to the concentration of methylglyoxal in the honey, measured in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg).

For example:

• MGO 100+ contains at least 100 mg/kg of methylglyoxal
• MGO 250+ contains at least 250 mg/kg of methylglyoxal
• MGO 550+ contains at least 550 mg/kg of methylglyoxal

MGO testing is straightforward, quantitative, and widely accepted in scientific research. It provides a clear indication of the honey’s antibacterial strength.

What is UMF?

UMF stands for Unique Manuka Factor. It is a quality trademark system developed in New Zealand to ensure authenticity and activity.

Unlike MGO, UMF does not measure a single compound. Instead, it assesses a profile of key markers, including:

• Methylglyoxal (MGO)
• Leptosperin (a marker of genuine Manuka nectar)
• DHA (the precursor to MGO)
• Absence of certain contaminants

UMF therefore represents a broader quality standard rather than just antibacterial potency.

How MGO and UMF relate to each other

MGO and UMF are closely linked, and approximate equivalences are commonly used:

• UMF 5+ ≈ MGO 83+
• UMF 10+ ≈ MGO 263+
• UMF 15+ ≈ MGO 514+
• UMF 20+ ≈ MGO 829+

While these values are not interchangeable labels, they give consumers a practical way to compare products.

Which system is better?

Neither system is “better” — they simply answer different questions.

• MGO tells you how much of the primary antibacterial compound is present.
• UMF tells you whether the honey meets a broader set of authenticity and quality criteria.

From a scientific perspective, MGO is often preferred in research because it is a clearly defined, measurable compound. UMF, on the other hand, provides reassurance around origin and authenticity.

Why understanding this matters

Manuka honey is frequently used for:

• Supporting skin health
• Maintaining oral hygiene
• General wellness and immune support
• Topical and wound-care applications under professional guidance

Understanding MGO and UMF helps consumers choose a product that is appropriate for their intended use, rather than relying on price or marketing claims alone.

A note on authenticity

True Manuka honey is produced only in New Zealand, from the nectar of the Manuka plant. Independent testing, traceability, and transparent labelling are essential in a global market where mislabelling has occurred.

For this reason, reputable suppliers publish test results and clearly explain what their labels mean.

In summary

MGO and UMF are two complementary ways of understanding Manuka honey:

• MGO measures antibacterial strength
• UMF verifies authenticity and overall quality

Both systems exist to help consumers make informed choices. When understood properly, they remove confusion and allow Manuka honey to be appreciated for what it is — a unique natural product with well-documented properties.